INTRODUCTION
Mountaineering
is one sport that one can enjoy either with a team, a group of friends, with a partner or even by his lonesome. It is good
to experience each one of them once in a while but before one should venture out into the wilderness on his own, it is advised
that he first join an organized climb and learn the basic mountaineering skills for his safety and enjoyment. It is advisable
for an individual to join some mountaineering group where he could learn and experience the basics extensively through the
courses they offer. Just be sure that the organization one will join offers such services.
This
chapter deals with the details of organizing a climb. Although most mountaineers love the idea of freedom and spontaneity
than rules and organization, these structures were meant for the climber’s safety and the protection of the environment
at the same time thus it’s importance never undermined.
The
organizer should have mastered the basic skills at the minimum and have a good record of experiences before he leads a group.
This is due to the fact that still, mountaineering has dangerous aspects.
PLANNING
A CLIMB
In
planning a climb here are points to consider:
- Decide
where to go.
- Choose
your companion or target participants.
- Collect
route information and other useful information on the destination considered. It is advisable to contact any LGUs or local
mountaineering group to get current information on the status of the trails, costs, permits, etc.
- Assess
the physical fitness of the group.
- Arrange
for food and equipment distribution.
- Check
weather forecast.
- Acquire
permits in advance if necessary.
- Assign
climb officials.
- Conduct
pre-climb meeting or briefings.
CLIMB
COMPOSITION
Although
there are no rules on the number of person to join an expedition, three is the suggested least number of people in an expedition.
This is because if an emergency occurs, one can accompany the victim while the other goes out for help considering the injured
is only one of the participants; or even two if one has only minor injuries. With regards with the number of maximum participants,
these should depend on the carrying capacity of the place although no such studies still exist in the Philippines as of this
date. Too many climbers make the team slow and stressful to the environment. Eight is the ideal number based on the principles
of a military squad.
As
a practice here in the Philippines, here is a list of basic climb officials and their duties and responsibilities.
- Team
Leader
- Lead
man (trailblazer, lead packer)
- Sweeper
(tail ender)
- First-
aiders
TEAM
LEADER
- The
team leader is the final authority during the climb, and all participants are expected to support and comply with his decisions.
Any negative evaluation of his conduct of the climb should be brought out during the post-climb meeting. However, the team
leader is expected to consult with the participants before making major decisions that affect the itinerary or conduct of
the climb.
- He
is expected to exercise good judgement and to consider safety, comfort and fun.
- The
team leader assigned for any climb preferably must have had prior climb experience on the same route unless it is an expedition
climb, or when a local guide is available. In any event general familiarity with the route is required.
- Duties
of the team leader :
Preparatory
activities
- Consult
those who are familiar with the terrain and locality particularly the security situation, trail conditions, campsite limitations
and travel restrictions.
- Conduct
a survey of the route when possible or when advisable.
- Prepare
the climb itinerary.
- Conduct
physical diagnostics.
Pre-climb
- Objective
of the climb based on its nature (initiation, fun, training, induction or expedition)
- General
information, historical significance, folklore, etc. of the location of the climb.
- Itinerary
and highlights of the climb.
- Route
condition and trail hazards.
- Water
sources and its condition.
- Main
and alternative campsites.
- General
weather conditions.
- Local
weather conditions or peculiarities.
- Cultural
peculiarities of the locale (beliefs, taboos, etc.)
- Contact
persons in the locality and residence.
- Special
medical precautions on malaria, typhoid, dengue, etc.
- Purchase
opportunities in the locale.
- Special
equipment checklist and assignments (for overall group equipment such as ropes, harness, etc.)
- Transportation
arrangements.
- Budget.
- Review
of ethics, policies and Basic Mountaineering Course when necessary.
- Assignments
of groupings and climb officers. (it is important to remind all the participants of the functions, responsibilities and authorities
of these key climb officers)
- Review
of the itinerary. (It is best to distribute copies of the itinerary to all participants. If copies are unavailable, remind
them to copy the itinerary as presented)
Pre-departure
- In
case of any pre-departure change in itinerary or plans, the team leader shall immediately notify all participants. At the
pre-departure assembly point, the team leader shall ensure that all present have actually complied with all mandatory requirements
that apply to them and shall require compliance with those that are not yet complied with.
- The
team leader must prepare a list of participants before departure. It shall be the basis for periodic head counts and allocation
of common expenses. If possible, a copy of the list should be left with a contact person at the point of departure in the
event that a rescue becomes necessary.
Climb
Proper
- Before
the start of the trek and at every major rest stop. Check the head count and general physical conditions of all participants.
- As
needed, consult with the other climb officers or participants any need to modify the itinerary due to weather, injury, unforeseen
trail hazards, etc. After consultation, make the decision and notify all the participants.
- Control
the overall pacing of the climb so as not to unduly delay the trek without sacrificing safety of any participant.
- Check
that proper trail signs are installed at critical places like forks and trail splits.
- At
the campsite, ensure that camp protocol and proper practices are observed as well as compliance with organization ethics,
rules and regulations.
- Observe
the conduct and comfort of participants.
- Observe
and monitor performance of climb officers.
- Ensure
that the campsite is left clean before taking off.
- Establish/maintain
contact with local community leaders and dwellers along the trail but more particularly at or near campsites.
Emergency
Situation
- In
case of any situation requiring extreme deviation from the climb schedule, the team leader shall, in so far as practicable,
consult with the participants. In any event, the team leader must make the final decision taking overall and individual safety
into consideration.
- In
case of incapacitating injury to any member of the party, the team leader must call-off the climb. Steps must be taken to
protect and care for the victim/s. If a provisional camp is established to stabilize the victim, a team of at least 2 experienced
climbers must be sent ahead to alert the base camp and contact rescue authorities as well as the contact person of the victim.
The team leader may allow other members of the party to proceed down while ensuring that experienced and strong climbers are
left to attend to the injured member/s until a rescue party reaches them. At all times, the team leader must maintain composure
and keep all members calm but alert.
- In
case of prolonged lack of contact with tail-enders, the team leader must make the decision on whether or not to send a search
party to backtrack and assist the tail- enders as needed. In this case, strong and experienced climbers must be sent while
the main body set up a temporary holding camp as needed. The leadsman should be notified to either hold their position or
rejoin the main body.
Post
Climb Briefing
- As
soon as possible, preferably within a week after the completion of the climb, the team leader shall take up the following:
- Review
and assessment of the climb: general conduct, trail, pointers for subsequent climbs, etc.
- Comments,
admonitions, congratulations regarding conduct of individual participants.
LEADMAN
- As
much as possible, the assigned leadman should not be team leaders themselves. Exceptions can be made in cases of small groups
(12 or less) which are not likely to get separated, climb of short duration, or absence of qualified members.
- He
must have prior experience on the particular trail unless accompanied by local guides.
- He
should be selected among the stronger, healthier, experienced and patient members of the party. For a large climbing party
or a long duration climb, more than one should be assigned.
- He
has the duty to put in place the proper trail markers for the guidance of the following groups. When in doubt, or when the
possibility of doubt exists, the trail must be marked in such a manner that no confusion could arise in its interpretation.
- He
must stop and wait for re-assembly at designated major rest stops, and they must remain within whistle-hearing distance of
the next group at all times.
- He
should not deviate from the planned route without waiting for the team leader’s decision.
- He
shall implement the pacing as instructed by the Team Leader.
SWEEPERS
- As
much as possible, the assigned sweepers should not be team leaders themselves. Exceptions may be made in cases of small parties
, (12 or less) which are not likely to get separated; climbs of short duration; or absence of qualified members.
- They
must have prior experience on the particular trail unless accompanied by a local guide.
- They
must be self-contained as completely as practicable.
- The
sweepers must be selected from among the stronger, healthier, experienced and patient members of the party. For a large climbing
party or a long duration climb, more than two must be assigned.
- The
sweeper must remain at the tail-end of the climbing party at all times.He must be ready to assist lagging climber/s who may
need assistance, and must maintain the pace, and control the rest stops of the lagging participants, taking into consideration
their physical situations, safety needs, and the climb schedule.
- In
case of incapacitating injury or illness, or danger brought about by unexpected weather, darkness or natural occurrence, the
sweeper may decide to set-up a temporary camp at his direction. Other members of the group, who are capable of going on, must
be sent ahead to notify the team leader of the actions taken, so that the latter may make the necessary decisions. Again,
safety is first considered.
- One
of the sweepers must be assigned to remove trail markers put up by the lead group.
FIRST
AIDER
- Expedition
first-aiders should preferably be chosen from among those who had proper training under the auspices of the Philippine National
Red Cross, or had professional medical training. In this connection, the organization shall endeavor to maintain a pool of
trained members.
- At
least one should be assigned per climb. For large parties, more than one should be designated. If more than one is assigned
they should be distributed over more than one team.
- In
the event of an injury, the first aider shall have the responsibility for applying the necessary aid, prescribing medication,
and recommending corrective action or assistance. If necessary to deviate from the itinerary, he shall make his recommendation
known to the team leader for the lather’s decision. In the presence of a designated first-aider, no other member shall
intervene with the treatment of a victim unless he/she is requested by the first aider to assist.
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